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Unit
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Topics
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1. Human Beings and Nature
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(i) Social ecology [Marxist environmentalism and socialist ecology (Barry Commoner)]
(ii) Modern schools of ecological thought
(iii) Stewardship of land (e.g. Wendell Berry).
(iv)Deep ecology (Gary Snyder, Earth First) vs shallow ecology
(v) Green Politics (e.g. Germany and England)
(vi) Feminism
(vii) Sustainable Development
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2. Population and Conservation Ecology
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(i) Population dynamics
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(ii) Human populations (Malthusian model and demographic transition).
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(iii) Threats to the ecosystem
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(iv) Conservation: importance and concepts
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3. Monitoring Pollution
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(i) Pollution monitoring
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(ii) Monitoring the atmosphere: techniques
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(iii) International and national air quality standards
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(iv) Water testing
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(v) Soil testing
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4. Third World Development
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(i) Urban-rural divide
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(ii) A critical appraisal of the conventional paradigm of development from the viewpoints of sustainability, environmental impact, and equity: Definition of Development.
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(iii) A case study of the Gandhian approach in terms of its aims and processes.
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(iv) Urban environmental planning and management
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5. Sustainable Agriculture
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(i) Traditional Agriculture in India
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Colonial influence, Transportation of Food, Food processing - Definition, food preservation, packaging, grading. Food adulteration and Food additives-definitions; types of adulteration, harmful effects of adulteration. Quality Marks - ISI (Indian Standard Institute); AGMARK (Agricultural Marketing); FPO(Fruit Product Order) - a brief explanation only.
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(ii) Food
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6. Environmental and Natural Resource Economics
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(i) GNP vs other forms of measuring income.
(ii) Definition: resources; scarcity and growth; natural resource accounting.
(iii) Externalities: cost-benefit analysis (social, ecological).
Externalities – definition, kinds (positive and negative), impacts.
(iv) Economic status and welfare (net economic welfare, natural capital, ecological capital, etc.)
EPR (Extended Producer Responsibility) -definition, examples, advantages.
(v) Natural capital regeneration.
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7. International Relations and the Environment
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(i) Trans-national characteristics of environmental issues using a case study of Amazonia, Ozone Depletion, and Trade in Wild Life.
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(ii) Impact of international politics, national sovereignty, and interest
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(iii) International trade
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(iv) International aid
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